What does lipase do?

• A. Breaks down lipids into fatty acids and glycerol
• B. Breaks down carbohydrates into simple sugars
• C. Breaks down proteins into amino acids
• D. Neutralizes lipids

Answer: (A)

Lipase is the enzyme that breaks down fats. It catalyzes the hydrolysis of triglycerides, cutting the ester bonds to release fatty acids and glycerol. In the small intestine, bile salts emulsify fats to increase their surface area, helping lipase access the lipids more effectively. The main form, pancreatic lipase, works in the intestinal lumen to produce fatty acids and glycerol that can be absorbed. This activity is distinct from breaking down carbohydrates or proteins, or any process described as neutralizing lipids.